Utah Master Esthetician Practice Exam

What role does mitochondria play in a cell?

1. DNA replication

2. Energy production

3. Protein synthesis

4. Cell division

The correct answer is: Energy production

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because their primary function is energy production. They are responsible for converting the energy stored in food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell. This process occurs through cellular respiration, where glucose and oxygen are utilized to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. The energy generated by mitochondria is essential for various cellular functions, enabling the cell to grow, divide, and perform its specific tasks efficiently. While DNA replication, protein synthesis, and cell division are critical functions within a cell, they are not carried out by mitochondria. DNA replication occurs in the nucleus, protein synthesis takes place primarily on ribosomes in the cytoplasm, and cell division involves various structures such as the spindle apparatus and centrioles. Mitochondria's unique role is centered specifically around energy production, highlighting their importance in sustaining cellular activities.